City
history of Nikolaev (Part II)
By way of gratuity to a city of
shipbuilders has put to F.F.Ushakov's masters has transferred from Sevastopolthe first
saplings of a white acacia and bushes for an ornament of a young city. In 1794
from Kherson to
Nikolaev the Black Sea Admiralty management has been
translated. For many years Nikolaev become base of shipbuilding in the south.
Here settle both shipbuilders, and seamen,
and builders. Our city saw off in swimmings of outstanding naval commanders
F.F.Ushakov, P.S.Nahimov, V.A.Kornilov, F.F.Bellinsgauzen, G.I.Butakov,
M.P.Lazarev, A.S.Grejg.
In the biography of a young city have
found reflexion many historical events. Bright page the city history included
the events connected with a Patriotic War of 1812 Mass heroism of the people in
struggle against Napoleonic hordes has found the wide patriotic response at nikolaev
citizens. In 1812 From sailors of Nikolaev and Sevastopol 75th ship crew has been generated.
Having landed in a mouth of Danube, the crew has joined army Chichagov,
participated in many fights and a capture of Paris. Active participation in war was
accepted also by an ex-hadron generated from local residents, and the Bugsky
Cossacks.
During the Crimean war Nikolaev became the
main rear base of the Black Sea fleet. The Nikolaev Admiralty
provided fleet and army with necessary arms. Besides in Nikolaev it has been
generated and sent to Crimea
four crews (to 4000 persons) from workmen who heroically battled during
defence of Sevastopol.
Barracks, schools and even private houses were equipped under hospitals for the
wounded men evacuated here from Sevastopol.
To warn possible intrusion into Nikolaev enemy ships and armies, on distant and
near approaches to a city forces of soldiers and the peace population erected
strengthenings, 160 guns have been established. When Russian armies had been
left Sevastopol, the enemy
ships have made some desperate attempts to break to Nikolaev, but each time
received resolute repulse. By century of a city its population has already
grown to 70 thousand. Basically it there were workmen of shipyards,
handicraftsmen. Shipbuilders lodged in streets with names corresponding to
their trades - Forge, Boiler, Konopatnaja, Engineering … And sea ranks and
another people - in nikolaev
streets Admiral'skaya, Artilleriyskaya, Bolshaya Morskaya, MalayaMorskaya,
Navarinskaya more often.
There were years, the sailing fleet became
outdated, to it on change vessels with steam engines have come. In Nikolaev new
shipyards began to be under construction, the industrial enterprises were erected.
In 1895-1897 in
Nikolaev there are ship-building and mechanical factories, which in 1907г. Have merged
in one - "Naval". In 1911г. On the basis of Admiralty the factory of Russian
ship-building association "Russud" has been created. It is necessary
to carry to the large industrial enterprises of pre-revolutionary Nikolaev also
factory of agricultural cars of brothers Don, iron-works Petrikovsky, steam
mills. In 1962 the sea trading port, customs, foreign consulates has been
opened, the input to the foreign ships is resolved.
The port intensively grew and soon on a
turnover of goods became the third on value after Petersburg
and Odessa. In 1873 the
railway communication between Nikolaev and Harkov has been opened. And in 1907
between Nikolaev and Kherson. In
the end of XIX - the beginning of XX century the cultural life of a city has
considerably quickened. In 1865 the newspaper "Nikolaev bulletin" has
started to leave, the society of sea doctors, city meeting, branch of Russian
technical society and a society Nikolaev pilots will be organised, man's and
female grammar schools affirm. In 1881 the theatre on 900 places has been
constructed, in 1892 the musical school, and in 1914 is opened - An art museum.
On spot-check of just open yacht-club
passed races of sailing sports courts. Under wind band sounds small passenger
steamships sailed away. Balls in officer meetings … Storms of history rustled
did not spare Nikolaev. In June, 15th, 1902 has left harbour where he was born
become history as a symbol of revolutionary struggle one of the most powerful
ships of the Black Sea fleet a battleship
"Prince Potyomkin Tavrichesky" constructed by hands of the Nikolaev shipbuilders.
Sailors, the future participants of revolt participated in vessel assemblage.
When on July, 14th, 1905 the rebellious battleship has lifted mutiny, workers
of Nikolaev have supported the risen seamen mass strikes. In October days 1917
Nikolaev named "Red Peter Ukraine" - so heat of struggle was high
here. The First World War, revolutions, Austro-Hungarian occupation, bloody
civil war … all it has endured our city. In 1920 the Soviet power here has
affirmed. After civil war in the conditions of a cold, hunger, ruins nikolaev
citizens hard lifted from ruins factories and factories. For years of pre-war
five-years periods the city has grown in industrial centre with forty
enterprises of allied and republican value, not including groan the enterprises
of local value. These
enterprises made more than 1000 kinds of production.